Abstract: This paper has dealt with risks and vulnerability facing primary education in Sudan at micro and macro levels. Sudan is exerting great efforts to achieve a good progress in primary education system as indicated by GER, however, the system is still facing weakness in different ways. The pupils in Sudan suffer from different kinds of risks and vulnerable that our communities have failed to handle; at home (parents, adults, etc.), at school (teachers), and at community level (laws, policies, etc.). The paper has also shown that for children, the experience of risk, vulnerability at micro and macro levels is shaped by four broad characteristics. Multidimensionality, changes over the course of pupils, relational nature, and voicelessness.